PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES, GAMES AND SPORTS. IES EL PALMERAL, VERA, SPAIN

1. CALICHE

EQUIPMENT:

- Caliche: wooden cylinder about 20cm high y 3cm diameter, which is placed within a circle of 40 cm diameter.

- Moneda (Coin): round piece of metal of 2cm diameter. It is placed on top of the caliche.

- Pieza o moneo: 8-cm-long square piece of metal, which is thrown at the caliche. In case of not having one, a flat stone can be used instead.

- Pitch: Flat surface of about 20m long y 6m wide.

RULES:

The game consists of throwing the “pieza”at the caliche, so that the “moneda” or coin is knocked over and lies closer to the “pieza” than to the “caliche”.

The number of players can vary, but we can play with 2 teams of 2 players. Each player will throw 2 “piezas”or stones, so a total number of 8 “piezas will be thrown in each inning.

Each throw is made at a distance of 6 metres.

Points will be given for:

-Knocking over the caliche: 2 points.

-Leaving a pieza inside the circle where the caliche stands: 1 point.

-Once all the piezas have been thrown, the team whose pieza lies closer to the coin will score 2 more points.

The team that reaches 21 points first is the winner.

2. PETANCA

EQUIPMENT:

- Boliche: wooden ball of about 3cm diameter.

- Balls: balls made of metal (bronze or steel) of 7-8cm diameter, which weigh between 600 and 800 grams.

- Pitch: Any kind of flat ground (sand, grass, asphalt) of about 10m long y 4m wide.

RULES:

The game consists of throwing the balls and trying to place them as close as possible to the “boliche”.

The number of players can vary, but we can play with 2 teams of 3 players. Each player will throw 2 balls, so a total number of 12 balls will be thrown in each inning.

Each throw is made at a distance of 6 metres. It must be made by holding the ball with the palm of the hand looking down, and then swinging your arm straight backwards and then forward.

There are two types of throw: 1- the player tries to place his ball near the boliche; 2- the player tries to hit a ball from the other team, in order to move it away from the boliche.

At the end of each inning, the team that manages to get their balls closer to the boliche will obtain as many points as the number of balls that are closer to the boliche than the other team’s closest ball.

3. YOGA

The word Yoga means union. In the first place, union with oneself, the integration of our whole personal structure. And secondly, the conscious union of the individuals with the universe that surrounds them.

Carrying out a yoga session allows us to take a break from our busy daily life, to have the opportunity of reconnecting with our body, our mind and our spirit by means of postures (asanas), breathing exercises (pranayama), conscious relaxation (shavasana), concentration (dharana) and finally, meditation (dhyana).

Yoga is the art of finding a personal balance and spiritual harmony, being an ideal way to take care of our body and calm our mind; thus reaching a state of inner peace and deep self-knowledge.

ASANAS

During the practice of asanas we can establish a close and silent dialogue with our body, exploring and accepting our physical reality.

Through the asanas, we can understand how our body works and we are able to achieve stretching, flexibility, compactness, expansion, mobility, immobility, as well as expression. The postures are made in a soft and conscious way and they provide a balance between our body and mental energy, generating both physical and mental health.

4. BEACH VOLLEY

EQUIPMENT

-The ball: It is made of a flexible material (leather, synthetic leather, or similar). The colours are usually bright (such as orange, yellow, pink, white, etc.), the size slightly bigger than for indoor volleyball ( 17,5 cm diameter) and the weight 260 to 280 g.

-Net: The net can be placed at different heights, depending on the age and sex of the players. It can vary from 2.00 m for young players to 2.43 m for men.

-Playing court: The playing court is a rectangle measuring 16 x 8 m. The terrain must be composed of leveled sand, as flat and uniform as possible. Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side and end lines are placed inside the dimensions of the playing court. There is no center-line.

RULES

Beach volleyball is played by two teams of two players on a sand court divided by a net. However, we can play with teams of up to 6, like in volleyball. The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it on the opponent’s court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. The team has three hits for returning the ball (including the block touch). The ball is put in play with a service: hit by the server over the net to the opponents. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes “out” or a team fails to return it properly.

The team winning a rally scores a point. When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve. The serving player must be alternated every time this occurs.

The first team to score 21 points wins a set. Each match is played to the best of 3 sets.

Play ground Games at Manor Primary School, England

Hopscotch equipment – a stone and a grid 1-10

Hopscotch rules and instructions – Play with friends or on your own. Throw the stone onto 1, then hop through the grid, stopping to pick up stone on way back. Due to layout of grid the hopping has to alternate between a 1 foot landing and a 2 feet landing.

Take it in turns to throw the stone so that it lands on each number in turn. If the stone doesn’t land on the number you want then you miss your turn. Winner is the first player to get from 1 to 10.

Skipping equipment –Length of rope varies, with long rope used for group skipping.

Skipping rules and instructions – can be done alone, with a partner or a group. Pass the rope over your head and jump as it swings under your feet. Can be done forwards, backwards, fast, slow, with or without an extra ‘bounce’. If the rope is long then it can be held by 2 people, one at each end, and turned so that the rope swings or rotates.

Various rhymes are sung, as the rope swings, to keep with the rhythm of the rope, to support actions and to invite others in.

Popular skipping rhymes at school are –

Teddy Bear, teddy bear turn around,

Teddy Bear, teddy bear touch the ground.

Teddy Bear, teddy bear climb the stairs,

Teddy Bear, teddy bear say your prayers.

Teddy Bear, teddy bear rest your head,

Teddy Bear, teddy bear go to bed.

Sports at Manor Primary School, England

Rugby – in England the main national and league rugby matches tend to be played in winter. Some children from our school do rugby training out of school with local teams. If they are under 8 years old then they take part in a tag Rugby league. Children will go on to play contact rugby when they are older or in secondary school.

Tag rugby - is the non-contact version of rugby that we teach in primary schools during autumn, winter and spring ready for tournaments in the summer months. These are therefore the instructions that we are giving here.

Tag Rugby equipment -

The rugby ball is not round which makes it easier to catch and run with, but more difficult to kick.

The players wear a belt with 2 tags attached.

The field is about 70 metres long x 50 metres wide, with the goal or try lines at each end.

A match has 2 halves of 20 minutes. At the start of the game the referee tosses a coin and the winner of the toss decides whether to kick off or choose an end.

Tag rugby rules and instructions –

2 teams of 7 try to pass the ball between them to score tries by getting the ball over their goal line. Instead of being ‘tackled’, as happens in contact rugby, the passing is stopped by removing a “tag”.

DEFENDING - The 'Tackle' or Tag

• Only the player with the ball can be tagged and a tag is simply the removal by a defender of one of the two ribbons from the ball carrier. Ball carriers can run or dodge potential taggers but cannot fend them off, spin around or shield their ribbons in any way.


• The defender then holds the ribbon above their head and shouts 'tag' for all to hear. Defenders must back off at least one metre from the ball carrier, allowing space for them to pass. They are not allowed to snatch the ball from the player's hand. It is helpful to players if the referee shouts 'pass' as a tag is made.


• Once tagged, the player in possession of the ball must stop as soon as possible and pass the ball quickly.

SCORING – The try

· A try is worth 1 point. To score a try a player must carry the ball over the opponents' goal line and press the ball down on the ground. (When playing on hard surfaces, players may score a try by running over the goal line with the ball.)

· After a try is scored the game restarts from the centre of the field with a free pass by the non-scoring team.

· If no try is scored after the fifth “tag”, the opposing team get possession of the ball.

PASSING -

· A player may pass the ball to a team mate by throwing or handing the ball sideways or backwards, but not forwards.

No forward passes are allowed and will be penalised by a free pass being awarded to the other team.

Rounders - is a bat and ball team game taught in schools in the summer months. It has been played since the 16^th century, and though it is not a national game, and tends not to be taught out of school, is popular for playing on beaches or informal situations. It is similar to cricket and baseball as it involves hitting and fielding.

Rounders equipment – bat or stick, ball and posts.

2 teams needed - usually 9 but could be more.

Rounders rules and instructions–

The team captains toss a coin to decide which team bats first. The fielding team consists of a bowler, backstop and 7 outfielders. The batting team must in turn try to strike the ball as far as possible so that they have time to run round the outside of the four posts, complete a “Rounder” and have another turn. The team getting the most Rounders wins.

• Each batsman receives only one “good” ball to try and hit and they must run even if they miss it.


• A “good” ball must be bowled underarm and must reach the batsman below head level, above the knee, and within reach of the outstretched rounders stick.


• A “no ball” may be hit by the batsman if they want, since they cannot be caught out from a “no ball”. Alternatively, they may ignore the “no ball” and wait for a “good” ball.


• If the ball is hit into the area behind the batting line, they may only run to first post.


• If a “Rounder” is completed by a batsman after missing the ball, only a “half-rounder” is counted.

A batsman is out – (a) if a fielder catches the ball

(b) if the fielder touches the post the batsman is running to with the ball, before they get there,

(c) if the batsman leaves a post before the next batsman has started his run, as they must keep in contact with the post at all times when not actually running and cannot return to a post once they have left it.

• If the batsman does not have time to complete a “Rounder” before the ball is returned from the outfield, they may stop at posts 1, 2 or 3, and then run on when the next batsman has started running. When back in line they can then wait to have another turn.


• When a batsman is out he does not have another turn and the innings continues until all batsmen are out. Some players may have several turns in an innings, and when the last batsman in a side is left, he will have to run complete “Rounders” in order to stay in.

Traditional Polish Sports and Games

Nowadays there are only a few traditional Polish sports and games. We hope to revive this part of our tradition by telling you more about them. This is a list of our traditional sports and games that aren’t totally forgotten and Polish people still play them.

1. 
   
   Ringo


2. 
   
   Holes


3. 
   
   Rat


4. 
   
   Ciupy

Ringo

Equipment A small rubber ring Players Individual players or teams Basic Rules 1. Ringo is played on a rectangular court with a raised net, similar to volleyball. 2. Individual players or teams stand on opposite sides of the net and throw a small rubber ring back and forth, without letting it hit the ground. 3. When it is played one by one, then there is only one ring, when more - two. 4. The winner of the game is the person/team that will first score 15 points. 5. To score a point the ring has to hit the floor on the opponent's side. 6. Players can catch the ring with both left and right hands, but they have to throw it with the same hand they caught it with. 7. With the ring in hand the player can make four steps, then he or she has to throw it. 8. You lose a point when:• you touch the ring with some other part of the body than a hand,• the ring hits the net and falls on your side,• you change the hand in which you held the ring,• you throw the ring with both your feet in the air,• you throw the ring in an inappropriate way.

Holes

Equipment a ball Players 10 or less Basic Rules Players dig as many holes as many players. Holes are located along one straight line. Each player is an owner of one hole. Players stand next to their holes. The best 2 players are called mothers and they stand next to the first and the last hole One of mothers rolls the ball across the hole line towards the other mother. If the ball doesn’t stop in any of the holes the other mother does the same. If the ball stops in one of the holes, the owner takes the ball and tries to hit one of the players who are running in different directions. If the player doesn’t hit anybody, one stone called egg or child is put in his/her hole. If the player hits somebody, the person who was hit takes over the ball and tries to hit another player. We play until one of the players missed and is given a stone. The game is over when one of the players has 10 stones in his/her hole.

Rat

Equipment Rope (4 metres) with something heavy at the far end Players No limits Basic Rules One player is chosen and he/she stands in the middle of the circle. The diametre of the circle is about 7 metres. The other players stand outside the circle but near its circumference. The player in the middle of the circle starts spinning the rope as low as he/she can. On call, which is given by the person in the middle, the rest players have to come inside the circle and start jumping over the rope. The player who touches the rope during jumping has to change the person in the middle. The game is over when everybody is tired.

Ciupy

Equipment 5 small round stones Players 2 or more Basic Rules There are 6 levels. If you want to win you must complete all 6 levels. When someone fails on a level he or she passes the stones to the next player who starts his turn. When the player fails and gets his turn back he must start from the beginning of the level. He or she failed on. Level 1 Spread the stones by putting them in your hand and let them roll down just like when you use a dice. You pick one stone and you throw it in the air. When it is in the air try to pick up one stone from the ground. Once you have it you must catch the stone in the air with the other stone in your hand. Once you catch the stone, put it aside. Repeat this with each stone. Level 2 Spread the stones just like in level 1, and pick one stone to throw it up in the air. When it is in the air try to pick up two stones from the ground and catch the stone that you threw up. Put the 2 stones aside and do the same with the other pair of stones. Level 3 Spread the stones. Pick one stone to throw it up in the air. First time when it is in the air pick up one stone. Second time pick up 3 stones. Level 4 Keep all 5 stones in your hand. Choose one stone and throw it up in the air. Put the other 4 on the ground and catch the stone that you threw. Throw your stone again. When it is in the air pick up all 4 and catch the stone you threw up. Level 5 Throw up all 5 stones at once. Turn quickly your hand. All stones or a few of them should land on the top of your hand. Then drop the stones between your fingers except one. Throw up this stone and pick up all 4 stones from the ground and catch the stone that was thrown in the air. Level 6 Similar to level 1 but instead of putting aside stones which were picked up, keep them in the palm of your hand while throwing and catching the others.

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